Introduction: India's developmental approach has long been centered on lifting people out of poverty, as defined by the Tendulkar poverty line. However, the changing global landscape and India's own progress necessitate a shift towards addressing multidimensional poverty and deprivation comprehensively. This analysis explores the need for this transition and examines key measures, including NITI Aayog's Multidimensional Poverty Index and welfare initiatives.
1. Raising the Bar for Empowerment: As India continues to experience robust economic growth, the focus must extend beyond eradicating extreme poverty. The shift entails empowering individuals with access to nutrition, housing, healthcare, and education, aligning with India's vision of fostering a more equitable international order.
2. NITI Aayog's Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI): The NITI Aayog's MPI is a critical tool in assessing multidimensional poverty, moving beyond income-based criteria. It encompasses various dimensions such as health, education, and living standards, providing a more comprehensive view of poverty.
3. McKinsey's Empowerment Line: Global consultancy McKinsey advocates transitioning from the $2.15-per-day extreme poverty line to a $12-per-day empowerment line. Achieving this involves investments in human development, infrastructure, and well-being.
4. Financial Commitments and Sustainable Growth: To facilitate this transition globally, the economy must allocate $37 trillion by 2030. Sustainable and environmentally friendly economic growth is crucial to prevent the negative impacts of climate change, ensuring long-term well-being.
5. Bridging the Gap: While progress has been made in reducing multidimensional poverty, a significant proportion of the global population still faces deprivation. Bridging this gap necessitates policy changes and targeted investments.
6. Nurturing India's Role and Responsibility: India, with its substantial population and unique challenges, plays a pivotal role in the global effort. Leveraging its high economic growth rate, India must balance development with environmental sustainability, fostering an inclusive and empowered society.
7. Welfare Measures and Human Development: India's journey involves comprehensive welfare measures and investments in human development. Initiatives such as the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) and the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) address multiple dimensions of poverty, including housing and employment.
Conclusion: India's shift from poverty alleviation to holistic development aligns with global trends. Embracing measures like the NITI Aayog's MPI and welfare initiatives, the country can prioritize economic growth, human development, and environmental sustainability. Effective leadership, public awareness, and targeted investments in healthcare, education, and skill development will be vital to achieving this transformative vision.
