Aug 10, 2024
RESCUING THE WESTERN GHATS: WAYANAD TRAGEDY
The recent tragedy in Wayanad, Kerala, highlights the urgent need to address environmental degradation in the Western Ghats, a region known for its breathtaking landscapes and biodiversity. Recognized as one of the most important ecological hotspots globally, the Western Ghats face significant threats from human activity and climate change. Here are some frequently asked questions that shed light on the importance of this region and the measures needed to protect it.
What makes the Western Ghats significant?
The Western Ghats stretch approximately 1,500 km along India’s southwest coast, covering six states. This mountain range is not only a UNESCO World Heritage site but also one of the world’s eight “hottest” biodiversity hotspots. It is home to over 7,402 species of flowering plants, 1,814 species of non-flowering plants, 139 mammal species, 508 bird species, 179 amphibian species, 6,000 insects species and 290 freshwater fish species.
Why is the Western Ghats considered vulnerable?
Despite its ecological significance, the Western Ghats has suffered from severe environmental degradation due to human activities such as deforestation, conversion of land for agricultural and plantation purposes, and urban development. High population density, especially in states like Kerala, exacerbates these pressures, leading to disasters like landslides and floods.
What happened in Wayanad?
The recent calamity in Wayanad, which resulted in significant loss of life and property, was a direct consequence of environmental mismanagement and the fragile state of the Western Ghats. Experts point out that the replacement of natural vegetation with non-native plantations has destabilized the region, making it susceptible to landslides during heavy rains.
What is being done to protect the Western Ghats?
In response to the increasing threats, the Centre has issued a draft notification to declare approximately 57,000 square kilometers of the Western Ghats as an ‘ecologically sensitive area’. This designation aims to regulate development and restrict activities that could further harm the ecosystem. Additionally, numerous protected areas, national parks, and wildlife sanctuaries have been established to conserve biodiversity and restrict human interference.
How does the monsoon affect the Western Ghats?
The Western Ghats play a crucial role in influencing the Indian monsoon weather patterns. The mountains intercept the moisture-laden monsoon winds, resulting in significant rainfall that supports the diverse ecosystems within the Ghats. However, climate change is altering these patterns, affecting water availability and agricultural practices in the region.
What are the long-term measures needed for the conservation of the Western Ghats?
Long-term conservation efforts must focus on sustainable land use and strict enforcement of ecological regulations. Initiatives such as the Gadgil Commission’s recommendation to designate the entire region as an Ecologically Sensitive Area need reconsideration for effective implementation. Enhancing community engagement and awareness about the ecological value of the Ghats is also crucial.
The Western Ghats’ health is not only crucial for the biodiversity and ecological balance of the region but also for the livelihoods of millions of people who depend on its resources. Effective measures, immediate and long-term, are essential to mitigate the impacts of human activity and climate change on this vital ecological zone.
SRIRAM's
