1. Introduction
The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant phase in India's struggle for independence against British colonial rule. Launched in 1920 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, it aimed to achieve self-governance through non-violent resistance.
2. Key Personalities
Mahatma Gandhi: Leader and driving force behind the movement, advocating non-violence and civil disobedience.
Jawaharlal Nehru: Mobilized youth and students to support the movement.
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: Promoted Hindu-Muslim unity during the movement.
Annie Besant: British socialist leader who cooperated with Indian leaders for self-rule.
3. Causes of the Non-Cooperation Movement
Rowlatt Act: Allowed detention of activists without trial.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: Troops fired on unarmed protesters in Amritsar.
Khilafat Movement: Protest against mistreatment of Ottoman Caliph.
Economic Exploitation: Indians faced economic hardships due to exploitative policies.
4. Course of the Movement
Withdrawal of Cooperation: Indians boycotted British institutions like schools, offices, and law courts.
Boycott of Foreign Goods: Promoted use of Swadeshi (domestic) products.
Mass Protests: Nationwide demonstrations and strikes challenged British authority.
5. Effects and Impact
British Response: Administration faced disruptions due to protests.
Nationalism: Strengthened sense of Indian identity and self-rule.
Mass Mobilization: People from all walks of life participated.
Repression: British responded with violence and repression.
Gandhi-Irwin Pact: Movement paused after Gandhi-Irwin Pact in 1931.
Legacy: Laid foundation for future struggles and emphasized non-violence as a powerful tool for change.
The Non-Cooperation Movement exemplified Indians' determination and resilience in their pursuit of freedom. Through mass participation, civil disobedience, and non-violence, it played a crucial role in India's journey toward self-rule.
