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Making Himalayan Cities Climate-Resilient
UPSC Daily Current Affairs
Apr 16, 2024
Making Himalayan Cities Climate-Resilient
Protecting Cities in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH)
Q: What are the main factors exacerbating flood risks in HKH cities?
A:
Key factors include:
Unplanned Urbanization:
Encroachment on natural floodplains and riverbanks for construction reduces the land's capacity to handle excess water.
Waste & Debris:
Dumping debris into rivers impedes their flow, and waste clogs drainage systems.
Environmentally Harmful Practices:
Changes in agriculture, soil degradation, and sedimentation worsen water absorption, increasing runoff.
Q: Why is spatial land-use planning with participatory approaches crucial?
A:
This approach offers several benefits:
Risk Identification:
Helps designate high-risk zones and restrict development in those areas.
Strategic Development:
Guides infrastructure placement to minimize vulnerability and promotes safe settlement locations.
Community Involvement:
Ensures the collaboration of local communities and authorities for sustainable, climate-conscious planning.
Q: How can technology help with climate resilience in HKH cities?
A:
Key benefits of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Earth Observation (EO):
Planning:
GIS helps analyze land-use changes and map flood risks for informed decision-making.
Early Warning Systems:
Community-based systems using real-time flood data can save lives.
Disaster Response:
Satellite-based EO aids in damage assessment and effective relief efforts.
Q: What role do nature-based solutions play?
A:
Planting native trees and creating retention ponds offer natural defenses:
Slowing Floods:
Trees act as barriers and their canopies absorb excess rainwater.
Restoring Water Cycle:
Tree roots help with groundwater recharge, contributing to a healthier ecosystem.
Q: What's the key takeaway for achieving climate resilience in HKH cities?
A:
The article emphasizes the importance of proactive planning, using a combination of:
Smart Spatial Planning:
Guided by data and community input
Technology:
For risk mapping, early warning, and response.
Nature-Based Solutions:
Working with the natural environment to enhance protection.
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