Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)
What is the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework?
A Landmark Agreement: The GBF is a monumental international agreement reached at the 15th Conference of Parties (COP15) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in December 2022.
Core Aim: Its primary goal is to reverse the alarming decline of biodiversity around the globe. This loss threatens the well-being of both humans and the planet's ecosystems.
A Roadmap to 2050: The GBF offers a strategic plan to guide global actions for the conservation, sustainable use, and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the planet's biodiversity.
Key Elements of the GBF
Goals for 2050: The GBF lays out four overarching goals to achieve by 2050, aiming for a world where we live in harmony with nature.
Targets for 2030: The framework includes 23 specific, actionable targets to reach by 2030. These targets are stepping stones towards achieving the broader 2050 goals.
Examples of Important Targets
"30 by 30": Conserve and effectively manage at least 30% of the Earth's terrestrial, inland water, coastal, and marine areas by 2030.
Restoration: Restore 30% of degraded ecosystems globally.
Reduce Pollution: Reduce the risks posed by pollution and the negative impact of excess nutrients, biocides, plastic and other wastes to biodiversity.
Sustainable Use: Ensure sustainable use and management of biodiversity, promoting practices that contribute to conservation.
Equitable Sharing: Ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from the utilization of genetic resources.
Implementation and Monitoring
Nationally Driven: Individual countries take ownership of implementing the GBF, aligning it with their national circumstances and capacities.
Monitoring Framework: A robust monitoring system is included in the agreement to track progress and ensure that countries are on course to meet their commitments.
Funding and Support: Developed countries have pledged financial and technical support to assist developing countries in implementing the framework.
Why is the GBF Important?
The GBF is critical because:
Addressing a Global Crisis: It tackles the urgent biodiversity crisis, which risks the collapse of vital ecosystems and jeopardizes food security, clean water, and human well-being.
Blueprint for Action: It provides a clear roadmap for governments, businesses, and society at large, promoting a unified global response.
Fosters Collaboration: It emphasizes the need for international collaboration in preserving biodiversity.
Challenges and Next Steps
Ambition to Action: Turning the ambitious targets into concrete actions on the ground is essential.
Resource Mobilization: Significant financial resources and capacity development will be required, especially for developing countries.
Public Engagement: Broad societal awareness and participation are crucial for the successful implementation of this agreement.
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