Problem: India faces a severe shortage of kidneys for transplantation. With over 200,000 patients needing a kidney in 2022, only about 3.4% (7,500 transplants) were actually conducted.
Underlying Causes:
High prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) due to factors like diabetes, malnourishment, overcrowding, and poor sanitation.
Regulatory hurdles restricting innovative kidney exchange methods such as swaps and chains.
The Response Existing Laws:
The Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act 1994 allowed transplants from brain-stem dead individuals.
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