Aug 14, 2024
INDIA’S REGIONAL TIES AFTER SHEIKH HASINA’S EXIT
Introduction:
The political landscape in South Asia is undergoing significant changes, posing new challenges for India’s foreign policy. With the resignation of Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, India loses a key ally in the region. This shift, along with recent political developments in the Maldives, Nepal, and Myanmar, indicates a growing influence of China in India’s neighborhood. These changes could complicate India’s strategic interests and require a reassessment of its diplomatic strategies.
1. What led to Sheikh Hasina’s resignation in Bangladesh?
• Answer: Sheikh Hasina, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, resigned and left the country, leading to political turmoil. Her resignation marks the end of a period of relative stability in Bangladesh’s relations with India, as she had been a consistent partner to New Delhi.
2. How does Hasina’s departure impact India’s relationship with Bangladesh?
• Answer: Hasina’s departure creates uncertainty in India’s relationship with Bangladesh. The opposition party, Khaleda Zia’s Bangladesh National Party (BNP), has historically been critical of India and recently campaigned against Indian influence, including a boycott of Indian goods. This shift could lead to a less favorable environment for Indian interests in Bangladesh.
3. What are the recent developments in the Maldives concerning India?
• Answer: In September 2023, Mohamed Muizzu, who has a pro-China stance, was elected President of the Maldives. His administration has taken several steps that indicate a shift away from India, including purchasing military drones from Turkey, expelling Indian military personnel, and allowing Chinese research vessels to dock in Maldivian ports. These actions suggest a growing alignment with China and a cooling of relations with India.
4. How has Nepal’s political leadership affected its relationship with India?
• Answer: K.P. Sharma Oli, re-elected as Nepal’s Prime Minister in 2024, has a history of antagonism towards India. During his previous terms, he prioritized closer ties with China and has been vocal about reclaiming disputed territories with India, such as Kalapani, Lipulekh, and Limpiyadhura. His government has also downplayed the severity of the COVID-19 strain from India compared to other countries, straining diplomatic relations.
5. What is the current situation in Myanmar and its impact on India’s interests?
• Answer: Myanmar has been embroiled in a civil war since the military junta took power in 2021. The conflict has disrupted India’s infrastructure projects, including the India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway and the Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport Project. Additionally, security concerns have arisen due to the presence of Indian insurgent groups along the India-Myanmar border, prompting India to consider fencing the border.
6. What are the broader implications of these regional changes for India?
• Answer: The recent developments in Bangladesh, the Maldives, Nepal, and Myanmar present significant challenges for India. The increasing alignment of these countries with China could reduce India’s influence in the region. The loss of a dependable partner in Bangladesh, coupled with strained relations with other neighbors, complicates India’s strategic calculations. India may need to adopt new diplomatic and strategic approaches to navigate this evolving geopolitical landscape and safeguard its interests.
Conclusion:
India faces a complex and challenging regional environment with the departure of Sheikh Hasina and the shifting alliances of neighboring countries. As China’s influence grows, India must reassess its foreign policy strategies to maintain stability and protect its interests in South Asia. The coming years will likely require deft diplomacy and strategic foresight to manage these evolving dynamics.
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