Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPI):
Foreign Portfolio Investors, often represented as mutual funds or hedge funds, are entities that invest in the financial markets of a country.
They typically buy and sell financial assets like stocks and bonds.
FPIs are subject to regulations and may need to register with the country's regulatory authority.
Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs):
Alternative Investment Funds, including hedge funds, private equity funds, real estate investment trusts (REITs), and more,
pool money from investors to invest in a wide range of assets beyond traditional stocks and bonds. AIFs often offer alternative investment strategies.
Participatory Notes (P-Notes):
Participatory Notes, often abbreviated as P-Notes, are financial instruments used by overseas investors to gain exposure to the Indian securities market without directly registering with India's market regulator.
These notes are issued by foreign institutional investors (FII) and are backed by Indian securities.PNs are Offshore Derivative Instruments (ODIs):
Explanations:
Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPI):
As a foreign mutual fund based in the United States, you decide to invest a portion of your fund's assets in Indian stocks listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).
To do this, you register with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) as an FPI.
As an FPI, you can buy and sell Indian stocks on behalf of your fund, allowing your investors to indirectly participate in the Indian stock market.
Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs):
Imagine you are an investor looking to diversify your portfolio beyond traditional stocks and bonds.
You decide to invest in an AIF called the "ABC Real Estate Fund".
This AIF pools money from multiple investors like you and uses it to invest in various real estate projects, such as residential and commercial properties ️.
By investing in this AIF, you gain exposure to the real estate market through a professionally managed fund.
Participatory Notes (P-Notes):
Suppose you are a foreign investor who wants to invest in Indian stocks but prefers not to go through the registration process with Indian regulators.
Instead, you choose to invest through P-Notes issued by a registered foreign institutional investor (FII).
With these P-Notes, you indirectly hold positions in Indian stocks without your identity being disclosed to Indian authorities
