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Biomass Waste Management in India
UPSC Daily Current Affairs
May 03, 2024
Biomass Waste Management in India
1. What is biomass waste?
●
Examples:
Crop residues like rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, cotton stalks, wood chips, food waste, animal manure.
2. Why is biomass waste management a challenge in India?
● Open-field burning of crop residues is common, causing air pollution.
● Lack of organized waste collection systems, especially in rural areas.
3. What are the benefits of effective biomass waste management?
● Reduces environmental impact and health hazards.
● Provides a renewable energy source to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
● Creates employment opportunities in sectors like biogas production and organic fertilizer manufacturing.
4. What are some methods for utilizing biomass waste in India?
●
Composting:
Programs like Swachh Bharat Mission promote decentralized composting, turning waste into fertilizer for farmers.
●
Anaerobic digestion:
GOBAR-Dhan scheme supports biogas plants, converting waste into cooking fuel and organic manure.
●
Gasification:
Used in biomass power plants to produce electricity, especially in regions with surplus biomass.
●
Direct combustion:
Power plants use biomass as a co-fuel with coal to reduce emissions.
5. What are some government initiatives promoting biomass utilization?
●
National Policy on Biofuels (2018):
Promotes bioethanol and biodiesel production from biomass.
●
Biomass Power & Cogeneration Programme:
Supports biomass-based power generation projects.
●
Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN Yojana:
Scheme incentivizes compressed biogas production from various organic wastes.
6. What are the future challenges and opportunities for biomass waste management in India?
●
Technology development:
Need for efficient and scalable technologies to process different biomass feedstocks.
●
Waste collection & logistics:
Organized collection systems, especially in rural areas, are needed for proper utilization.
7. How can individuals contribute to better biomass waste management?
●
Home composting:
Convert kitchen and garden waste into fertilizer.
●
Proper waste segregation:
Separate organic waste for municipal collection or community composting programs.
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