What is AQI?
AQI Definition: The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a numerical scale used to communicate the quality of air. A higher AQI number indicates poorer air quality.
Color-Coded Index: Introduced in India in 2014, the AQI classifies air quality into six categories: 'Good' (0-50), 'Satisfactory' (50-100), 'Moderately polluted' (100-200), 'Poor' (200-300), 'Very Poor' (300-400), and 'Severe' (400-500).
Recent Scenario in Delhi: On November 3, 2023, Delhi's AQI hit an alarming 471, indicating 'Severe' air quality.
How is AQI Calculated?
Origin: Part of the Swachh Bharat campaign, initiated in 2014.
Contributors: Developed by a panel including IIT Kanpur, medical professionals, air quality experts, and others.
Measurement Process: The AQI measures various pollutants like PM10, PM2.5, Nitrogen Dioxide, Ozone, Carbon, etc., and consolidates them into a single index value, nomenclature, and color.
Pollutant Weightage: Each pollutant is weighted based on its impact on human health. The composite air quality is represented by the most harmful pollutant.
Impact of Pollutants
Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5: These are tiny particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, causing respiratory problems, reduced visibility, and chronic diseases like asthma, heart attack, and bronchitis.
Visibility and Health Issues: PM 2.5 can bypass the nose and throat, directly entering the circulatory system.
AQI's Influence on Government Policy
Policy Implementation: Government actions are influenced by AQI levels. For example, in response to 'Severe' AQI levels in Delhi, stage 3 of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) was activated.
GRAP Measures: Measures under GRAP include prohibiting diesel four-wheelers not compliant with BS-VI and restricting the entry of trucks into Delhi. Petrol cars are allowed to ply as usual.
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