Why is animal husbandry becoming a more reliable source of livelihood than crop cultivation in India?
Animal husbandry provides consistent food and income, even during adverse weather conditions affecting crops. Additionally, the demand for animal products, such as milk, meat, and eggs, is growing faster than plant-based foods due to rising income and changing food habits.
How does animal husbandry contribute to household food and income security?
Even when crops fail, animals continue to provide food and income through products like milk, eggs, and meat. Live animals can also be sold for immediate cash, and bullocks have traditionally been a source of draught power for farming and transportation.
What are the major constraints faced by the animal husbandry sector in India?
The sector faces a significant shortage of feed and fodder. Natural pastures are vanishing or shrinking due to encroachments and vegetative degradation, and cultivated fodder prices are increasing.
How has the growth of the livestock sector compared to the crops sector over the years?
The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of livestock has increased significantly compared to crops. For instance, while crop production's CAGR has decreased to 1.5% in the last decade, livestock's CAGR has increased to approximately 7.5%.
How significant is the milk industry in India's agricultural landscape?
India became the world's largest milk producer in 1998. As of 2021-22, India's milk production accounted for nearly 23% of global milk supplies. Additionally, per capita milk availability in India is higher than the global average.
What has been the trend in the export of animal products from India?
The export of animal products has been on the rise. In 2022-23, India exported livestock products worth over ₹32,597 crore, with buffalo meat accounting for nearly two-thirds of the animal product exports.
How has the animal husbandry sector in India been funded?
The sector has largely grown with private investments. The majority of agricultural subsidies from both central and state governments are directed towards the crops sector.
