Antimicrobial Resistance in India: Over-Prescription of Antibiotics and Government Measures
Q: What is antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and how did India reach this stage?
A: AMR occurs when micro-organisms become resistant to antimicrobials they were previously sensitive to. Factors leading to AMR in India include inappropriate use of antibiotics, lack of diagnostic tools, inadequate training in antibiotic selection, insufficient AMR monitoring, and pharmaceutical industry influences.
Q: Are antibiotics over-prescribed in India?
A: Yes, antibiotics are frequently over-prescribed in India. A study by the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) revealed that 55% of hospital patients were given antibiotics preventively, contributing significantly to AMR.
Q: What are the root causes of antibiotic over-prescription in India?
A: Causes include overcrowded hospitals, inadequate time for patient examinations, lack of rapid diagnostics, and the relative affordability of antibiotics compared to other medical investigations.
Q: Following COVID-19, how important is the judicious use of antibiotics?
A: The judicious use of antibiotics is crucial to prevent an increase in AMR, a significant public health threat. Effective antibiotic use involves more than just reducing consumption; it includes improving sanitation, personal hygiene, and infection control.
Q: What measures has the Central government implemented to control AMR in India?
A: The government’s measures include the National Policy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance, restrictions on over-the-counter antibiotic sales, and a ban on using colistin as a growth promoter in poultry. Strengthening enforcement and enhancing Centre-State coordination are necessary for these measures to be effective.
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