What is Neonatal Death? What is the stat

1. Neonatal mortality is newborn death occurring within 28 days postpartum.
2. Neonatal death is often attributed to inadequate access to basic medical care, during pregnancy and after delivery.
3. This accounts for 40–60% of infant mortality in developing countries. Postneonatal mortality is the death of children aged 29 days to one year.
4. The country’s average percentage of newborn deaths is at 7 %.
5. According to the National Health Mission (NHM) data, Madhya Pradesh has recorded the highest percentage of newborn deaths at 11.5% against the total admissions to government-run Sick Newborn Care Units (SNCUs) in the past three years across the country.
6. The neonatal deaths in India mainly occur due to premature births and low birth weight (35.9%), pneumonia (16.9%), birth asphyxia and birth trauma (9.9%), other non-communicable diseases (7.9%), diarrhoea (6.7%), congenital anomalies(4.6%) and infections (4.2%).
7. The admissions of neonates in the hospital of Madhya Pradesh have dropped (lower than West Bengal, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh) from April 2017 to December 2019 but the percentage of deaths still remained at 12.2%.
8. Within the same time period, West Bengal reported maximum neonatal deaths (34,344) in the country but reported the declining percentage of deaths (from 9.2% in 2017 to 8.9% in 2019) which coincided with a decrease in admissions at hospitals.
9. The NHM data also reveals the cases of underreporting in 43 districts where government officials didn’t report more than 50% of deaths of children under five to keep clean records.

Practice Question

Que. State and substantiate on four electoral reforms for India today.