Q. Why is this in news?
A.
- The bad news for India is that its global HDI rank has slipped from 129 in 2019 to 131 in 2020 and to 132 in 2021-22.
Q. What is the meaning of human development?
A.
- Human development is defined as the process of enlarging people’s freedoms and opportunities and improving their well-being. Human development is about the real freedom ordinary people have to decide who to be, what to do, and how to live.
Q. What is meant by Human Development Index?
A.
- The HDI is a summary measure of human development. The HDI is a summary composite measure of a country’s average achievements in three basic aspects of human development: health, knowledge and standard of living.
Q. Who publishes HDI?
A.
- The Human Development Report (HDR) is an annual Human Development Index report published by the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
Q. What are the Dimensions of the Human Development Index?
A.
- Long and healthy life: The long and healthy life dimension is measured by life expectancy at birth. The life expectancy at birth is a statistical measure that an average individual is expected to live based on certain demographic factors such as the year of birth and current age.
- Education: This is a second dimension in the HDI. The indicators of education are the expected years of schooling and the mean years of schooling. According to the UN, the average maximum years of schooling is 18 years, while the mean maximum years of schooling is 15 years.
- Standard of living: The standard of living is usually measured by the gross national income (GNI) per capita. The GNI indicates the total domestic and foreign output created by the residents of a certain country.
Q. What are the 4 indicators of HDI?
A.
- Mean years of schooling
- Expected years of schooling
- Life expectancy at birth
- Gross national income (GNI) per capita
Q. Which Countries Have the Highest HDI?
A.
In the latest HDI ranking, from 2022, Switzerland finished first with an HDI value of 0.962.